COVID-19 showed the world just how devastating an outbreak can be, and now experts are cautioning that 2025 may bring its own set of dangerous diseases.

From the resurgence of old threats like whooping cough and measles to new, unpredictable dangers such as Disease X, the global health landscape remains uncertain. Here are 11 infections that could pose serious risks in the coming years.

1. Bird Flu

Though primarily affecting birds, bird flu can also infect horses and, in rare cases, humans. While transmission between humans has been extremely limited so far, fatalities have occurred after direct contact with infected poultry. If the virus mutates to spread easily from person to person, it could become a serious global threat.

2. Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria

Some bacteria have evolved to resist antibiotics, leading to over a million deaths annually. This growing antimicrobial resistance has health experts scrambling to develop new treatments. Without breakthroughs by 2025, drug-resistant infections could become one of the deadliest health crises of the year.

3. Cholera

Cholera spreads through contaminated food and water, and its outbreaks are often worsened by climate change, displacement, and natural disasters. While vaccine production has increased, shortages persist. With up to 4 million cases reported each year, cholera remains a significant concern—especially if global conditions worsen.

4. Chikungunya

This mosquito-borne virus causes severe joint pain and fever that can last for months or even years. Cases are nearing half a million worldwide. However, there is some hope, as a vaccine is currently in development that could help curb its spread.

5. COVID-19

The pandemic isn’t over. In 2025, a new Omicron subvariant known as XEC has taken center stage. Vaccines remain the best defense, and experts continue to stress the importance of staying up to date on immunizations. COVID has permanently altered how we handle pandemics, serving as a stark reminder of why we must remain vigilant.